Methionine
Methionine
(Met, M. C5H11NO2S) is a essential nonpolar amino acid, and a lipotropic.
It
and cysteine are the only sulfur containing amino acids that are
coded for by DNA (Homocysteine is an amino acid and contains sulfur,
but is a product of S-adenosylmethionine 1 carbon metabolism and
is not coded for by DNA). Methionine is a methyl donor as S-adenosyl
methionine (SAM). It is incorporated into the N-terminal position
of all proteins in eukaryotes and archaea, though it may be removed
by post-translational modification (bacteria incorporate N-formyl
methionine instead). Methionine can also occur at other positions
in the protein. It plays a role in cysteine, carnitine and taurine
synthesis by the transsulfuration pathway, lecithin production,
the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and other phospholipids. Improper
conversion of methionine can lead to atherosclerosis. Methionine
is a chelating agent.
Most amino acids have a redundant genetic code; several different
nucleotide sequences code for the same amino acid, giving a degree
of error-correction to the genetic sequence, usually with the third
base in the codon being non-specific. Methionine is one of only
two amino acids with a single codon, AUG.
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